XVIII.—The distillation of coal in a vacuum

Vacuum membrane distillation on a microfluidic chip.

A multilayered microfluidic chip used for vacuum membrane distillation is designed, fabricated and tested by rectification of a water-methanol mixture.

Vacuum Booster for Distillation Process

Occupational Exposures during Coal-tar Distillation

Coal tar is obtained by cooling the gas that is formed during the destructive distillation of coal to approximately ambient temperature. It is a black, viscous liquid composed primarily of a complex mixture of condensed-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. It may contain phenolic compounds, aromatic nitrogen bases and their alkyl derivatives, and paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons. Coal-tar pitch is t...

Preliminary Evaluation for Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) Energy Requirement

The energy requirement of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) with or without recirculation was modelled using both experimental results and theoretical data. The trends are generally consistent between the theoretical and experimental data. Thermal energy contributes the most to the total energy required for the VMD process. To lower the thermal energy cost, waste heat resource and heat recover...

Relative volatilities of ionic liquids by vacuum distillation of mixtures.

The relative volatilities of a variety of common ionic liquids have been determined for the first time. Equimolar mixtures of ionic liquids were vacuum-distilled in a glass sublimation apparatus at approximately 473 K. The composition of the initial distillate, determined by NMR spectroscopy, was used to establish the relative volatility of each ionic liquid in the mixture. The effect of alkyl ...